Vyasa:- The
person who has completed
the course of education and
training holds a bamboo
stick, wears a dhoti and
an upper cloth and two
upaveethams. He carries a water
vessel, an umbrella; wears
turban and footwear. He should
adorn his ears with gold
earrings and darpamushti. He
should cut his hair and
pare his nails, wear white
dress and wear garland. He
should be engaged in self-study.
He should be sweet-smelling and
pleasant to look at.
mnu>
äaüae dEvStwEva;R> àajapTyStwa==sur>
,
gaNxvaR ra]síEv pEzacíaómae=xm>
.
Manu: There
are eight types of marriages:-
brahma, deva, arsha, prajapathya,
asura, gandharva, rakshasa, and
paishacha. The last four
are inferior marriages. Brahma
marriage is the normally
adopted form. The first four
are good marriages.
mnu>-
AaCDa* AcRiyTva c
ïuitzIlvteSvy< ,
Aaøy dan <kNyaya> äaüae
xmR> àkIitRt> .
Manu:- A
person who is born in
a good family, is well-educated
and has good character
is invited by the girl's
parents and paid respects.
He is given new clothes.
The well-adorned girl is
given in marriage to him.
This is called brahma vivaha.
y}etu
ivtte sMyg&iTvje kmR
vRte ,
Al<k«Ty
sutadan< dEv< xmR< àc]te
.
When dakshinas
[fees] are given in the
yagna, if a virgin girl
is presented in the middle
of vedi [the place where
yagna is done] along with
dakshina to the vedic brahmin,
it is called the deva
marriage.
@k<
gaeimwun< ÖEva vradaday xmRt>
,
kNyaàdan<
ivixvt! Aa;aR xmR> s %Cyte
.
If a father
accepts a cow and a
bull and gives his daughter
to a good
person, it is called Arsha
marriage.
shae-aE
crta< xmRimit vacanu-a:y c
,
kNyaàdanm_yCyR
àajapTyaeivix> Sm&t> .
Welcoming the
person with respect, giving
the virgin daughter to him
and telling him " Both
of you follow the dharma
always." is called the
prajapathya marriage.
äaüaid;u
ivvahe;u ctu:vevanupUvRz> ,
äüvcRiSvn>
puÇa> jayNte izòs<mta>
.
Brahmam, daivam,
arsham, and prajapathyam are
marriages based on dharma.The
children born out of these
marriages will be well-educated,
well-behaved and regarded well
by the elders.
ya}vLky>-
AivPlut äücyaR
l]{ya< iôymuÖhet! ,
AnNypUivRka< kaNta< Asip{fa<
yvIysIm! .
Araeig[I< æat&mtI< Asma;RgaeÇjam!
,
p<cmaTsÝmaËXvR< mat&t> ipt&t
Stwa .
Yagnavalkya:- Following
the code of conduct and
practising celibacy, the bachelor should
marry a virgin girl of
good quality. The qualities of a
good girl are :- she mut
be chaste and unmarried;
she must be desirable; she
must not be a paternal
cousin to the sixth degree;
she must be free from
disease; she must have
brothers;
she should
not belong to the same
gothra and pravara; she can
be a cousin to the
fifth degree and above
on mother's side, and to
the seventh degree and
above on father's side.
iv:[u>-
Añ<ipÇa prI]et
maÇakNya< prI]yet! ,
t&[ad -Uim< prI]et Aacare[
k
l<tweit .
Vishnu:- Choose
a horse after looking at
its father, a girl after
looking at her mother,
a land after looking at
the abundant grass, and
a clan after looking at
the conduct of its members.
ym>-
k
l< c zIl<
c vpuvRyí iv*a< c
ivÄ<
snawta< c ,
@tan! gu[aTsÝprIúykNyadeya
buxE> ze;micNtnIym! .
Yama:- The girl's
father should evaluate the
boy's family, character, body, age,
education, relatives, and wealth
and if satisfactory, conduct
the marriage. If these seven
points are examined properly,
there will be no cause
for regret later.
AapStMb>-
bNxuzIll][s<pÚ> ï&tvanraeg
#it vr s<pt! ,
Apasthamba:- The
blessings of the boy are
relatives, good character, education,
and good health.
31.ivvahe
saxar[ xmaR>- Some general rules in Marriage.
dez-edaTk
lacaraidmE
xmaR> àkIitRta> ,
Auspicious functions
are to be done according
to family traditions.
ya}vl!Ky>
laekanNTy< idv> àaiÝ>
puÇpaEÇàpaEÇkE> ,
ySmaÄSmat!
iôySseVya> ktRVyaí suri]ta>
.
Yagnavalkya:- The
family expands with children
and grandchildren, religious rites
are performed and good deva
lokas are obtained, when
a man gets married. He
should take care of his
wife, do his duty and
treat her with regard, according
to shastras.
32.
ôI xmaR> Code
of Conduct for Women
mnu>-
iptar]it kaEmare -taRr]it
yaEvne ,
puÇStu Swaivre-ave n ôI
SvatÙymhRit .
Manu:- Father
protects the daughter in
childhood, husband protects the
wife in youth, son protects
the mother in old age.
A woman cannot be independent.
sUúme_yaeip
às<ge_y> iôyaerúya ivze;t>
,
Ëyaeih<
k
lyaeZzaekmavhepurri]ta> ,
#y<
ih svR v[aRna< pZyNtae
xmRmuÄmm! .
Manu:-The women
should be carefully guarded
so that there is no
indiscretions even in small
matters. If anything bad
happens, both her family
and husband's family are subjected
to grief and sorrow. This
protection of women is a
duty common to all varnas.
mnu>-
naiSt ôI[a<
p&wGy}ae n ìt< naPyupae;[m!
,
pit< zuïU;te yÄu ten
SvgR< mhIyte ,
Manu:- The
wife does not have to
perform yagnas or vrathas
separately. Serving the husband
is her dharma which will
reach her to heaven.
sdaàýòya
-aVy< g&hkayR< c d]ya
,
sus<Sk«taepSkrya
Vyye camuhStya .
She must
be always happy, be an
expert in household work, and
keep the household goods
clean. She must freely spend
on good and essential activities.
Vyas>-
hirÔa< k
<k
m<
cEv isNËr< k¾l< twa
,
kªpaRsk< c ta<bUl< m<gLya-r[<
zu-m! .
kezs<SkarkbrI krk[aRid -U;[m! ,
-tuRrayu:yimCDNtI Ë;yeÚpitìta
.
Vyasa:- The
wife should wear turmeric
powder, kumkum on the middle
and at the top of
forehead, collyrium in the eyes,
and a good dress. She
must chew betel leaves and
nuts. She must comb her
hair and adorn herself
with auspicious ornaments-bangles and
earrings. The good wife
does all this which gives
long life to her husband.
She does not disregard these
good habits.
k«Tvam{flk<
baýe t&:[I meva]taidi->
,
pUjyet!stt<
yatu tSyaStu:yiNt devta> ,
wdg&h<
rajte inTy< m<glrEnulepnE> ,
tdg&hevstelúmIinRTy<
pU[RklaiNvta .
Deities are
happy in the house where
the woman makes mandala and
worships with rice and
turmeric and other articles.
Lakshmi, the goddess of
prosperity lives perennially in
the house which is kept
cleaned and adorned with kolam.
pitìta
tu ya narI -t&Rzuïu;[aeTsuka
,
n
tSya iv*te pap< #hlaeke
prÇ c ,
pitìtaxmRrta
éÔa{yev n s<zy> ,
tSya>
pra-v< ktuR< z²aeit n
jn> Kvict! .
The woman
who is chaste and who
serves her husband never
becomes a
sinner either on earth
or in heaven. She should
be
regarded as
Goddess Parvathi. Nobody would
think of defaming her ever.
d]>-
AÊòa< ivnta<
-ayaR< yaEvne y> pirTyjet!
,
sÝjNm-vet!ôITv< vExVy< c
pun> pun> .
Daksha:- The
husband who illtreats and
makes his young wife cry
is a
sinner who will suffer
for seven generations.
nama<gLy<
vdeÖaKy< n c haSyaid
ik<cn ,
k
yaRCDvzuryaeinRTy<
pUja< m<gltÝra ,
itóet!àsÚvdna
-t&Riàyihterta .
Pregnant
woman should not speak
inauspicious words. She should
not laugh unnecessarily. She
should take care of parents-in-law
and serve them. She should
keep a pleasant appearance and
be engaged in activities
that are beneficial
to her husband.
ya}vl!Ky>-
daEùdSyaàdanen g-aRdae;mvaßuyat!
,
vEêPy< mr[< vaip tSmaTkayR<iày<
iôya> .
Yagnavalkya:- When
a pregnant woman desires
something it should be given
to her. If it is
denied, it may harm the
child within her. Show
affection to the pregnant
woman.