Kaladarsha: says "Pumsavanam
should be done in the
third
or fourth month of pregnancy,
when it becomes obvious."
15.- sImNtaeÚynm!-
Seemanthonnayanam (Rite relating to later stage of pregnancy)
kazyp>- ;òeva
sÝme mais sImNtaeÚyn<
-vet! ,
Aòme nvme vaip yavÏa
àsvae -veidit .
Kashyapa:- Seemanthonnayanam can be done in the sixth, seventh, eigth or ninth month or even till the time of delivery.
AapSt<b>- sImNtaeÚyn< àwmeg-ˆR ctuwˆR mais ,
Apasthamba:- Seemantham
should be done in the
fourth month for the first
pregnancy. Seemantha and Pumsavama
are performed only for
the first pregnancy. The
uterus is thus purified for
the first as well as
subsequent deliveries.
16. jatkmR-
Ceremony after child-birth
mnu>- àa'œnai-vxRnat!
pu<s> jatkmRivxIyte
,
mÙvt!àazn< caSy ihr{ySy
mxu"&tipR;am! .
Manu:- When a
male child is born jatakarma
must be done before the
umblical cord is cut. Manthras
are uttered and gold, honey,
and ghee are placed in
his mouth. Nandi, an ancestors'
ceremony should be done
either
now or along
with the naming ceremony.
17. namkr[m!
- Naming ceremony for
the new-born
ya}vl!Ky>- AhNyekadze
nam ctuwˆRmais in:³m>,
;òeÚàazn< mais cUfakmR
ywa k…lm! .
Yagnavalkya:- Naming
ceremony is done on the
eleventh day. First outing may
be undertaken in the fourth
month. First giving food and
shaving the head are done
in the sixth month, according
to family tradition.
Aañlayn>-
zmaRNt< äaü-Syae<
vmaRNt< ]iÇySytu ,
guÝdas pdaNta Syadai-xa vEZyzUÔyaeirit
.
Ashvalayana:- The surname
of a brahmin is
Sharma, that of kshathriya is
Varma. The vaishya has
Gupta and the fourth caste
has Dasa as its surname.
mnu>- ôI[a<
suoaeXym³ªr< ivSpòawR< mnaehrm!
,
m<gl< dI"Rv[aRNt< AazIvaRdai-xanvt!
.
Manu:- Girls
should be given names that
are easily pronouned and are
not harsh sounding. The
name should have clear meaning,
shouild be attractive and
auspicious. The names should
end in Aa
(long aa) or
$ (˜
or Ÿ )
and should signify blessedness.
The boys should have names
with even number of letters
- e.g. Rama, shiva [izv]
. Girls should have names
with odd number of letters-
e.g. Yashod˜, Bhav˜nŸ.
18. AaÚàaznm!-
First feeding
AapSt<b>- jNmnaeix
;óe mais äaü[an! -aejiytva
Aaiz;ae vaciyTva dixmxu "&tmaednimit
s<s&Jy
%ÄrEmRÙE> k…mar< àazyet!
.
In the sixth
month after birth, after
feeding the brahmins and getting
their blessings, curds, honey,
ghee and cooked rice should
be mixed well and fed
to the child with the
accompaniment of manthras.
19. cUfakr[m!-
Shaving the head
AapSt<b>- jNmnix
t&tIyv;ˆR caEAaElm! punvRSvae>
#it Aixt&tIye AxaRixkt&tIye
,
Apasthamba:- When the
child is three and a
half years old, the first
shaving of the head should
be done.
20. ôI[a,jatkmaRid
- Jatakarma etc.
for the girlchild
ya}vl!Kya>-
tU:[Imeta> i³ya> ôI[a< ivvahStu
smÙk> ,
Yagnavalkya:- Jatakarma etc.
should be done for the
girl without manthras. Only
marriage is done with mantras.
If the above ceremonies
cannot be done at the
right time , vyahruti homam
should be done at
an auspicious time
followed by padakrichram. Ardhakrichra
is done for
choulam (tonsure).
makˆR{fey>-
àaÝe tu
p<cmev;ˆRývsuÝe jnadRne ,
;óI< àitpd< cEv
vjRiyTva twaòmIm! ,
ira< p<cdzI< cEv saEr-aEmidne
twa ,
@v< suiniítekale ivXyar<-<tu
karyet! .
Markandeya:- When the
children are five years
of age, education should be
started for them. New moon,
full-moon, first, sixth, eighth
days after these, and inauspicious
days, Sunday and Tuesday
should be avoided.
The child may
be taught letters on any
auspicious day.
21. AnupnItxmaR>-
Conduct for children in the
pre-upanayanam age
d]>-
jatmaÇiZzzuStavXyavdòsmavya>
,
saeipg-Rsmae}eyae VyimaÇàkaizt>
.
Daksha: A child is
regarded as a child till
he is eight years old.
Age is counted from
the time of conception.
-úya-úye twa=peye
vaCyavaCye twa=n&te ,
AiSmn!kale n dae;ae=iSt i³yma[EivRgihRtE>
.
There is no
restriction with regard to
food and drink and there
are no observances. But
there are some food and
drinks which are forbidden at
any time of age. e.g.
liquor.
imta]raya<- twaip
;óaÖ;aRt!àagev kamcaraidÔòVym!
,
tt> pr <ipÇaidi-> v[RxmˆR;u
inyaeVy> .
Mitakshara says
that the parents should
train the children in good
conduct from the age of
six. Small misconduct before
the age of six can
be ignored.
22. %pnynm!
- Thread Ceremony
AapStMb>- g-aRòme;u
äaü[mupnyIt gb‰Rkadze;u
rajNym! gbRÖadze;u vEZy< vsNtae
¢I:mzradeTyUtvae
v[aRnupUv!Rye[ #it
Apasthamba:- Calculating
from the time of pregnancy
the brahmin should have
upanayanam in the eigth
year, kshathriya in the eleventh
year, and vaishya in the
twelfth year. The proper
season is spring for the
brahmin, fall for the kshathriya,
and winter for the vaishya.
23. y}aepvItm!-
Thread ceremony
mnu>- kapaRsmupvIt<
Swat! ivàSyaeXvRv&tm! iÇv&t!
,
za[sUÇmy< ra}ae vEZySyaivk
sUÇkm! .
Manu:- The
sacred thread is made of
cotton for brahmins, of
jute for kshathriyas, and
of sheep's wool for the
vaishyas.
maxvIye- y}aepvIt<
k…vaRt! sUÇ,<tu nvtNtukm!
,
iÇv&ËXvRt< kayR< tNtuÇy<
xaev&tm! .
Madhaveeya- Upaveedam
(the sacred thread) is
made of nine threads. Three
threads are kept lower
and the rest kept higher
and twisted. Then it is
knotted. The thread wound
round the four fingers
ninety-six times in
threes is called shannavathi.
It is sprinkled with
water with the
manthra- aplingamana apohishta hiranyavarna
bhavamana. With gayathri it
is folded thrice and twisted,
it is hit against the
palm three times, knotted and
kept in a clean place.
The nine deities of the
threads and the
knots are invoked and worshipped.
It is shown to the
Sun with the manthra Uddayam
and worn with the manthra
for yagnopaveetham. The nine
deities are Omkara, Agni:,
Pashu:, Soma:, Pithara:, Prajapathi:,
Vishnu: Dharma:, and Sakaladevatha.
There may be a few
differences in the rituals given
by sages. One of them
can be adopted.
24. d{fxar[m!
- The danda or staff
mnu>- äaü[ae
bELvpalazaE ]iÇyaevaqoaidraE ,
paEPplaEÊMbraE vEZy> d{fanhRiNt
xmRt> .
Manu:- Bilva and palasha
for the brahmin, vata and
khadiri for the kshathriya,
and pipal and dumbar for
the vaishya are the trees
whose sticks are used as
dandas. One of the two
sticks can be chosen.
(Note
: The stick or staff
or sceptre are symbols
of authority. In the hand
of the individual, it is
the moral authority to
which he himself is subject;
in the hand of a king,
it is the authority to which all
are subject.)
25. vôaijnxar[m!-
Dress
visó>- zu¬mht<
vasae äaü[Sy kapaRs< ma<,ijó<
,
]aEm< ]iÇySy pItkaEzey<
vEZySy #it .
Vasishta:- The
brahmin should wear cotton,
the kshathriya, silk dyed
with manjishta, the vaishyas,
yellow coloured silk, as the
upper garment.
mnu>- maE<ij
iÇv&t sma ðú[akayaR
ivàSymeola ,
;iÇySytu maEvI–JyavEZySy za[taNtvI
.
Manu:- A waist
string made of munja grass,
twisted with three ply is
worn by the brahmin, twisted
murva grass by the kshathriya,
and twisted jute yarn by
the vaishyas. This is called
mekhala. [belt]
26. äücarIxmaR>-
The Bachelor's Code of Conduct
mnu> àitg&ýIiPst<
d{f< %pSway c -aSkr<
,
àdi][< pirTyai¶< credœ
-E]< ywaivix .
Manu:- Holding the stick,
the bachelor should pray to
the Sun, go round the
yagna fire, and beg for
food everyday.
-vTpUvR< creÑE]<
%pnItae iÖjaeÄm> ,
-vNmXy<tu rajNyae vEZyStu -vÊÄrm!
.
The brahmin boy
should say "Bhavathi bhiksham
dehi" The kshathriya says "Bhiksham
bhavathi dehi" and the vaishya
says "Bhiksham dehi bhavathi".
visó>-
AóaE¢asamune-Rúya:;aefzar{yvaisn>
,
ÖaiÇ<zt< g&hSwSy ýaimt<
äücair[> .
Vasishta:- The sanyasi
should eat eight handfuls, the
vanaprastha sixteen handfuls, the
family man thirty-two handfuls,
and the brahmacharis as
much as he wants.
jEimin>- yavdœäüaepdezStu
tavTsNXyaidk<cn ,
ttaemXyaûsn!Xyaid svRkmRsmacret! .
Jaimini:- There is
no sandhyavandanam before the thread
ceremony. After the ceremony
the boy should observe madhyanhikam,
sandhyavandanam etc.
AapSt<b>- naPsu
ða"man> õayat! ,
Apasthamba:- The brahmachari
should not use scented
articles for his bath.
mnu>-
caeidtae gué[a
inTy< Aàcaeidt @vva ,
k…yaRdXyyne yÆ< AacayRSy ihte;u
c .
Manu:- He should be
engrossed in the study
of Veda without any prodding
from the guru. He should
take special care while serving
the guru.
zrIr< cEv vac<
c buÏIiNÔy mna<is c
,
inySy àa<jiliStóe ÖI]ma[ae
guraemuRom! .
Controlling body,
speech, senses, and the
mind, standing and keeping the
palms together in respect,
looking at the guru's face,
he should listen to the
good lessons taught by him.
inTymudœ"&tpai[s!Syat! saXvacarSsmaiht>
,
AaSyta< #it caeSsÚasItai-muo<
gurae> .
Never wear
the upper garment in the
presence of the guru. Wear
the auspicious sign on
the forehead and conduct
yourself properly. When the
guru tells you to sit,
then sit facing him with
humility.
guraeyRÇprIvad> inNdavaip
àyuJyte ,
k[aE< tÇip"atVyaE gNtVy<
va ttae=Nyt> .
When some
one talks badly about the
guru or vilifies him, close
your ears and walk away
from there.
vjRyeNmxuma<sain gNxmaLyrsa<
iôy> ,
zu³ain cEv svaRi[ àai[na<
cEv ih<snm! ,
A_y<gm<jn< caú[ae> %panCDÇ
xar[m! .
kam< ³aex<c lae-< cntRn<
gItvadnm! ,
*Ut< c pirvad< c
jnvad< twa n&t< ,
ôI[a< àe][al<-mup"at< prs
c> .
He should avoid liquor,
meat, sweet-smelling garlands, women,
and old sour food. He
should not hurt animals.
He should not use scented
oil, apply collyrium to
the eyes, wear footwear, and
use an umbrella.
He must shun
lust, anger, and
greed. He should avoid
dance, music, gambling, gossipping,
lying, staring at women
and touching them, and
doing harm to
others.
ciNÔkaya<-
xmRzaô< tu iv}ey<
zBdzaô< twEv ,
pura[ain #ithasí twa Oyatain
yain c .
mhaTmna< c cirt< ïaetVy<
inTymev c .
Chandirakaya- In addition
to Veda, the student should
learn various shastras [arts
and sciences]. He should
learn social law, grammar, linguistics,
mythology, history, and biography
of eminent persons.
devl>- %paXyay>
iptaJyeóaeæata cEv mhIpit>
,
matul> ñzur> Çata matamhiptamhaE
.
v[RJyeóae ipt&Vyí pu<Syete
gurv> Sm&ta> .
Devala:- Teacher, father,
elder brother, king, uncle, father-in-law,
one who saves, grandfathers,
elder cousins, -- are all
considered gurus.
matamatamihguvI– iptumaRtuí
saedara> ,
ñïu> iptamhIJyeóaxaiÇ
c gurv> iôyam! .
Mother, mother's mother,
teacher's wife, sisters of parents,
mother-in-law, father's mother, elder
sister, foster mother-- these
are gurus among women.
#Tyuae guévgaˆR=y<
mAt&t> ipt&ts!iÖxa ,
gué|amip svˆR;a< pUJya> p<c
ivze;t> .
Thus gurus on both father's and mother's side have been mentioned. Of them, five persons are most important.
yae-avyit ySsUte yeniv*aepidZyte
,
Jyeóæata
c -taR c p<cE te
gurv> Sm&ta> .
One who cherishes,
mother, teacher elder brother,
one who gave food
and took care
are the five persons who
are great enough to be
worshipped.
mnu>- #m<
laek< mat&-ya ipt&-ya tu mXymm! ,
guézuïu;ya Tvev< äülaek<
smîute .
Manu: A person
wins this world through
devotion to mother, heaven through
devotion to father, and
brahmaloka through devotion to
guru.
%Ýa* puÇ<
s<Sk«TyvedmXyaPy y> ipta ,
k…yaRdœv&iÄ< c s mhAn
gué> pUJytm> Sm&t> .
He who fathered
the son, brings him up,
performs the upanayanam,
makes
him learn the Vedas, and
provides for his life is
the great guru. He should
be respected and remembered.
Vyas>- masan!
dzaedrSw< yax&Tva zUlEssmak…la
,
vedna ivivxEÊR>oE> àsUyt
ivmUrœiCDta ,
àa[Erip iàyan! puÇan!
mNyte sutvTsla ,
kStSya in:k«it< ktuR< zae
v;RztErip .
Vyasa:- A mother
carries the baby in her
body for ten months, is
subjected to great hardships
and pains because of this ,
and then gives birth to
the baby. She keeps the
child in great comfort
while she
goes through all
the difficulties. The child is
dearer to her than life.
Whatever the child does for
her in a hundred years
cannot compensate for that
love.
mnu>- ivÄ
bNxu> vy> kmR iv*a -vit
p<cim ,
@tain maNySwanain grIyae
y*uÄrm! .
Manu:- Rich men,
relatives, older persons, people
who perform religious rites,
and highly educated persons
are all to be shown
high regard and respect.
Of them the intellectual person
should be shown the highest
respect.
baexayn>- pn!wadeya
äaü[ay gve ra}eýc]u;e
,
v&Ïay -artÝay gi-R{yE
ÊbRlay c .
Bodhayana:- He should
always make way for the
brahmin, the king,
the blind, the
cow, an old man, one
who carries a heavy burden,
the pregnant woman
and a weak person.
mnu>-
Ai-vadn zIlSy inTy<
v&Ïaepseivn> ,
cTvarI tSy vxRNte ýayu>
à}a yzae blm! .
Manu:- Pay respect
and greetings to righteous
men and elders. The person
who does it, gets long
life, intelligence, fame and
strength in abundance.
Sm&TywRsare- %ps¢h[<
nam Amuk gaeÇ> devdÄzmaRnamah< -aE
Ai-vadye #Tyuva k[a‰R Sp&òœva
di][en %Äan
pai[na gurae> di][<pad< sVyensVy< g&hITva
izraevnmnm!
.
Smrithi-summary- Upasangrahanam
means-- approach the guru, make
a bow, say "I
am born in this gothra,
my name is Devadutta",
touch your ears, and touch
the guru's feet, bending the
head. This is done only
for the guru and persons
who are equal to guru.