THE KATHA UPANISHAD (Contd)

CHAPTER - 2

                                                          
¢¹t£y:     v¢Úl   

AÓyÅC®EyaE{ÓyѤtWvI   p#EyÞtE   uBE   nanaTEI   p¤âxgq|   ¢sn£t: ,
tyaE: ½Ey AaddanÞy saD¤ Bv¢t h£ytE{TaIï u p#EyaE   v¦N£tE   1  
AÓyt¯   Another
½Ey:   the beneficial
AÓyt¯   different
utWvI   and indeed
p#EEy:   pleasant
tE   uBE   both of them
nanaTEI   of differing purposes
p¤âxgqI   man
¢sn£t:   bind
tyaE:   of them
½Ey:   the good
AaddanÞy   who accepts
saD¤   beneficial
Bv¢t   becomes
h£ytE{TaIt¯   falls away from the goal
u   and
p#Ey:   the pleasant
v¦N£tE   chooses

 
Two concepts bind the man and are of different objectives. One is what is
beneficial and the other is what is pleasing. He who chooses the beneficial,
gains and the one who goes for the the pleasant, deflects from that.
 
½Eyà   p#Eyà   mn¤ÝymEtÞtaW   sØpr£Ïy   ¢v¢vn¢³   D£r: ,
½EyaE   ¢h   D£raE{¢Bp#EysaE   v¦N£tE   p#EyaE   mÓdaE   yaEgXEma¹¦N£tE   2

½Ey:   the good
c                     and
p#Ey:   the pleasant
c                      and
mn¤ÝymEt:   approach man
taW   these two
sØpr£Ïy   having well considered
¢v¢vn¢³   discriminates
D£r:   the wise one
½Ey:   the beneficial
¢h   only
D£r:   the wise man
A¢Bp#Eys:   prefers to the pleasant
v¦N£tE   chooses
p#Ey:   the pleasant
mÓd:   the dullard
yaEgXEmat¯   longing for worldly
v¦N£tE   chooses

        Both   these - beneficial and pleasant - come to humans. The discriminating
one after due consideration  selects the beneficial alone in preference to the pleasure-giving; but desirous of worldly happiness, the dull-witted falls for pleasing.  
s   Ïv|   ¢p#ya¢Óp#yãpa|à   kaman¢BÒyay°¢ckEtaE{Ïy*aX£: ,
nWtagq|   s¦Äða|   ¢väOmy£mvaçOaE   yÞya|   mÇj¢Ót   bhvaE   mn¤Ýya:   3

s:                  that
Ïv|   thou
¢p#yan¯   beloved
¢p#yãpa|n¯   pleasant in appearance
c      and
kaman¯   pleasures
A¢BÒyayn¯   constantly thinking about
n¢ckEt:   O ! Nachiketa !
AÏy*aX£:   renounced
  not
eta|   this
s¦Äða|   path
¢väOmy£m¯   of wealth
AvaçO:    having attained
yÞya|   in which
mÇj¢Ót   drown
bhv:   many
mn¤Ýya:   men

      O!   Nachiketa !,  After due consideration, you have rejected all those
pleasures and objects of pleasures, which also tempt. You have not
got into this path of pleasures, in which many men are lost.  
Ñ¥rmEtE   ¢vpr£tE   ¢vx¥c£   A¢vïa   ya    c   ¢vïE¢t   åOata ,
¢vïaB£¢Ôsn|   n¢ckEts|    mÓyE   n   Ïva    kama   bhvaE{laEl¤pÓt    4
 
Ñ¥rmEtE   these widely
¢vpr£tE   varying
¢vx¥c£   with differing destinations
A¢vïa   ignorance
ya   what
c   and
¢vïa   knowledge
i¢t   thus
åOata   is known
¢vïaB£¢Ôsn|   desirous of knowledge
n¢ckEts|   Nachiketas
mÓyE   I consider
n   not
Ïva   you
kama:   objects of desire
bhv:    many
AlaEl¤pÓt   did tempt

Widely varying with different destinations are these two- ignorance and
knowledge. I think Nachiketas is desirous of knowledge as the objects of
pleasure do not tempt him.
 
A¢vïayamÓtrE    vtImana:    Þvy|    D£ra:    p¢Îft|mÓymana: ,
dÓd#ØymaNa:    p¢ry¢Ót    m¥Fa    AÓDEnWv    n£ymana    yTa{ÓDa:     5
 
A¢vïayamÓtrE   in the midst of illusion
vtImana:   staying
Þvy|   themselves
D£ra:   wise
p¢Îft|   enlightened
mÓymana:   imagining
dÓd#ØymaNa:   staggering to and fro
p¢ry¢Ót   go in circles
m¥Fa:   the deluded
AÓDEnWv   as by the blind
n£ymana:   led
yTaÓDa:   like blind men

 
The deluded staying in illusion thinking themselves to be enlightened go in circles
faltering and floundering like sightless-men led by a sightless one.  
n    saØpray:    p#¢tBa¢t    bal|    p#maïÓt|    ¢väOmaEhEn    m¥Fm¯   ,
Ay|    laEkaE    na¢Þt    pr    i¢t    man£    p¤n:    p¤nvISmapïtE    mE      6
 
n   not
saØpray:   the hereafter
p#¢tBa¢t   appears
bal|   to the uninitiated
p#maïÓt|   unrealised
¢väOmaEhEn   by the delusion of wealth
m¥Fm¯   the deluded
Ay|   this
laEk:    world
na¢Þt   does not exist
pr:   nor the other
i¢t   thus
man£   he who thinks
p¤n:   p¤n:   again and again
vS|   control
AapïtE   falls into
mE   my (Death's)

 
Deluded by riches, one in illusion like a child thinks only of this world and not
of a hereafter -  and thus, gets under my control repeatedly.  
½vNaya¢p    bh^¢ByaI    n    l×y:    S¦ÎvÓtaE{¢p    bhvaE    y|    n    ¢vï¤:
AaàyaI    v³a    k¤SlaE{Þy    lÖDa{{àyaI    åOata    k¤Slan¤¢S¾:   7 
 
½vNaya¢p   even to be heard
bh^¢B:   by many
y:   who (the Atman)
n   l×y:   is not attained
S¦ÎvÓtaE{¢p   even having heard
bhv:   many
y|   whom
n   ¢vï¤:   cannot know
AaàyIa   wonderful
v³a   teacher
k¤Sl:    clever
AÞy   its
lÖDa   recipient (pupil)
AaàyI:   wonderful
åOata   knower
k¤Slan¤¢S¾:   taught by the able teacher

 
It is not possible for many to hear about it (Brahman) and even having heard
many do not understand. The teacher must be a skilful one and the pupil should
be sharp in grasp. The knower is a wonderful person instructed by the adept.  
n    nrENavrEN    p#aE³    ex    s¤¢våOEyaE    bh^Da    ¢cÓÏyman: ,
AnÓyp#aE³E    g¢træO    naÞÏyN£yaÓ/tÀyImN¤p#maNat¯      8
 
n   not
nrENavrEN   by men
p#aE³:   spoken
ex:   this (Atman)
¢våOEy:       is well comprehended
bh^Da   in different ways
¢cÓÏyman:   pondered over
AnÓyp#aE³E   taught by an unparalleled
g¢træO   the way to it
na¢Þt   not there
AN£yan¯   subtler
¢h   indeed
AtÀyIm¯   transcending argument
AN¤p#maNat¯   than the subtlest

 
This principle (Brahman) is not understood by pondering in different ways or being
taught by one of low ability. There is no other way than being taught by one of
unparalleled ability and it transcends all arguments and is subtlest of subtle.
 
nWxa    tkEIN    m¢trapnEya    p#aE³aÓyEnWv    s¤åOanay    p#E¿        ,
ya|    Ïvmap:    sÏyD¦¢tbIta¢s    Ïvad¦HqnaE B¥ya°¢ckEt:    p#¾a    9
 
nWxa   not this
tkEIN   by argument
m¢trapnEya   attainable
p#aE³a   instructed
AÓyEnWv   by the other only
åOanay   easy of comprehension
p#E¿   O Dearest
ya|   which (knowledge)
Ïvmap:   you have got
sÏyD¦¢t:   of true resolve
bta¢s   you are really
Ïvad¦Hq   like you
n:   to us
B¥yat¯   may there be
n¢ckEt:   O! Nachiketa!
p#¾a   enquirer

This knowledge is not attainable by argumentation. It is of easy comprehension
only when instructed by another. O! Dearest one! O! Nachiketa! let there be seekers like you! You are truly resolved in your desire.  
janaØyhgq|    SEv¢D¢rÏy¢nÏy|    n    /D#¤vW:    p#aÔytE    ¢h    D#¤v|    tt¯   ,
ttaE    mya    na¢ckEt¢àtaE{¢g"r¢nÏyWd#IÛyW:    p#açOvan¢Þm    ¢nÏym¯    10
 
janaØyh|   I am aware
SEv¢D   treasure
i¢t   A¢nÏy|   is transient
n   ¢h   AD#¤vW:   not by ephemeral
p#aÔytE   ¢h   is attained
D#¤v|   the eternal
tt¯   that
tt:   yet
mya   by me
n¢ckEt:   O! Nachiketa!
¢ctaE{¢g":   firesacrifice has been performed
A¢nÏyW:   :   transient
d#ÛyW:   by objects
p#açOvan¢Þm   I have gained
¢nÏym¯   the eternal

 
I am aware that riches are not permanent. Certainly what is everlasting is not
attained through what is temporary. But, I have gained the eternal by performing
the nachiketa fire-sacrifice with transient materials.
 
kamÞya{{¢çO|    jgt:    p#¢t¿a|    @taEranÓÏymByÞy    parm¯   ,
ÞtaEm| mhѤâgay| p#¢t¿a| d¦¾va D¦Ïya D£raE    n¢ckEtaE{Ïy*aX£:   11
 
kamÞya{{¢çO|   fulfilment of desires
jgt:   of the universe
p#¢t¿a|   the foundation
@taEranÓÏym¯   eternal fruit of rites
AByÞy   freedom from fear
parm¯   shore
ÞtaEm|   adorable
mhѤâgay|   the exalted state
p#¢t¿a|   the basis (of life)
d¦¾va   having seen
D¦Ïya   with firm resolve
D£r:   wise
n¢ckEt:   O! Nachiketa !
AÏy*aX£:   have rejected

 
O! Nachiketa! Having seen that great and exalted state, the very foundation of the universe, the end-point of all observances, the other shore of fear, You wise one ! You have rejected the attainment of all desires, being steadfast in you resolve.  
t|    ѤdISI|    g¥Fmnp#¢vÝZ|    g¤ha¢ht|    gºrEÝz|    p¤raNm¯ ,
AÒyaÏmyaEga¢DgmEn    dEv|    mÏva    D£raE    hxISaEkaW    jha¢t    12
 
t|   that
ѤdISI|   difficult to realise
g¥Fmn¤p#¢v¾|   deepseated and immanent
g¤ha¢ht|   seated in the cave of the heart
gºrE¿|   residing in the body
p¤raNm¯     beginningless
AÒyaÏmyaEga¢DgmEn   by meditation on the Self
dEv|   effulgent being
mÏva   realising
D£r:   the wise man
hxISaEkaW   joy and sorrow
jha¢t   transcends

        The   wise   man   having,  by meditating on it , got that which is difficult to realise, effulgent, deep-seated and immanent, dwelling in the cave of the heart transcends   both   joy   and   sorrow.    
etÅC®¤Ïva    sØp¢rg¦/    mÏyI:    p#v¦/    DØyImN¤mEtmaÔy ,
s    maEdtE    maEdn£ygq|    ¢h    lÖD¯va    ¢vv¦tgq|       n¢ckEts|    mÓyE    13
 
etÅC®¤Ïva   having heard this
sØp¢rg¦/   having comprehended well
mÏyI:   the mortal
p#v¦/   discriminating
DmIy|   righteous
AN¤m¯   subtle
etm¯   this (Atman)
AaÔy   having realised
s   :   he
maEdtE   is in bliss
maEdn£ygq|   enjoyable
¢h   indeed
lÖD¯va   having obtained
¢vv¦tgq|   discovered
  residence
n¢ckEts|   to Nachiiketa
mÓyE   I think

          The   mortal,  having heard and realised that subtle principle, the essence of  righteousness, rejoices verily, in a blissful state, having attained the bliss-worthy one. I feel that for Nachiketa , its residence is dis-covered.  
AÓyæO    DmaIdÓyæOaDmaIdÓyæOaÞmat¯    k]tak]tat¯   ,
AÓyæO    B¥taÅc    BÛyaÅc    yÏtÏpÜy¢s    t¹d       14
 
AÓyæO   different
DmaId   from Dharma
AÓyæO   different
ADmaIt¯       from Adharma
AÓyæO   different
AÞmat¯   from this
k]tak]tat¯   from effect and cause
AÓyæO   different
B¥taÅc   from the past
BÛyaÅc   and the future
yt¯   pSy¢s   which you see
tt¯   vd   tell that

      (Nachiketas   said):
     Please tell me that which you perceive as variant from the right and the wrong, the cause and effect and the past and the future.  
 
svEI    vEda    yÏpdmamn¢Ót    tpagq|¢s    svaI¢N    c    y¹d¢Ót ,
y¢dÅCÓtaE b#'cyI| cr¢Ót tÏtE pd| sÄñ#hEN b#v£ØyaE¢mÏyEtt¯   15

 
svI   all
vEda:   scriptures
yt¯   which
pdm¯   goal
Aamn¢Ót   proclaim
tpa|¢s   penances
svaI¢N   all
c   and
yt¯   which
vd¢Ót   declare
y¢dÅCÓtaE   desiring which
b#'cyI|   enquiry into the ultimate reality
cr¢Ót   engage in
tt¯   that
tE   to you
pd|   goal
sHg#hEN   in sum
b#v£¢m   I tell
AaEm¯   Om
iÏyEtt¯   it is

 
That which is proclaimed by all the scriptures, which is said to be the end effect of all rituals and for which enquiry into the ultimate reality is undertaken, I shall tell you about it briefly as "OM".
 
etdqÒyEvaXr|    b#'    etdqÒyEvaXr|    prm¯   ,
etdqÒyEvaXr|    åOaÏva    yaE    y¢dÅC¢t    tÞy    tt¯     16
 
ett¯   this
¢h   indeed
ev   alone
AXr|   syllable (imperishable)
b#'   Brahman
ett¯   this
¢h   indeed
ev   alone
AXr|   syllable (imperishable)
prm¯   the highest
ett¯   this
¢h   indeed
ev   alone
AXr|   syllable (imperishable)
åOaÏva   knowing
y:   who
y¢dÅC¢t   whatever desires
tÞy   that
tt¯   that (he gets)

 
This syllable (OM) is the highest (Brahman) , this alone is ever-lasting and whoever realises  this  attains whatever he desires.  
etdalØbn|    ½E¿mEtdalØbn|    prm¯   ,
etdalØbn|    åOaÏva    b#'laEkE    mh£ytE     17
 
ett¯   this
AalØbn|   support
½E¿m¯   best
ett¯   this
AalØbn|   support
prm¯   supreme
ett¯   this
AalØbn|   support
åOaÏva   knowing
b#'laEkE   in the world of Brahman
mh£ytE   is worshipped

 
This (syllable OM)   is   the   best  support, this is the supreme support and upon realising this, one is adored in the world of Brahma (Hiranyagarbha loka)
 
n    jaytE    ¢m#ytE    va    ¢vp¢à°ay|    k¤t¢à°    bB¥v    k¢àt¯   ,
AjaE    ¢nÏy:    SaátaE{y|    p¤raNaE    n    hÓytE    hÓymanE    Sr£rE   18
 
n   jaytE   is not born
¢m#ytE   va   nor dies
¢vp¢àt¯   the knowing soul
Ay|   this
kt¢àt¯   from anything
n   bB¥v   did not manifest
k¢àt¯   nothing whatsoever
AjaE   birthless
¢nÏy:   eternal
Saát:    everlasting
Ay|                 this is
p¤raN:       ancient
n   hÓytE   is not destroyed
hÓymanE   when being destroyed
Sr£rE   the body

 
The consciousness (soul ) is neither born nor is it subject to death. It has not
manifested from anything nor has it given rise to a new entity. This one is unborn, always existing, everlasting, indeterminable in antiquity and is not destroyed when the body (container) is destroyed.    
hÓta    cEÓmÓytE    hÓt¤gq|    htàEÓmÓytE    htm¯ ,
uBaW    taW    n    ¢vjan£taE    nay|    h¢Ót    n    hÓytE     19
 
hÓta   the killer
cEt¯   if
mÓytE   thinks
hÓt¤gq|   that he kills
ht:   the killed
cEt¯   if
mÓytE   thinks
htm¯   killed
uBaW   both
taW   they
n   ¢vjan£t:   do not know
nay|   h¢Ót   this does not kill
n   hÓytE   nor is killed

        If   the   slayer   thinks   he  stays,   and   slain   thinks   that   he   is
slain, neither   of   them   knows   the   truth.   This   (Knower)   neither
slays   nor   is  slain.  
ANaErN£yaÓmhtaE       mh£yanaÏmaÞy    jÓtaE¢nI¢htaE    g¤hayam¯   ,
tm@t¤:    pÜy¢t    v£tSaEkaE    Dat¤: p#sadaÓm¢hmanmaÏmn:    20
 
ANaErN£yan¯   tinier than the tiniest
mht:   than the biggest
mh£yan¯   bigger
AaÏma   Atman
AÞy   this
jÓtaE   :   of the creatures
¢n¢ht:   is lodged
g¤hayam¯   in the cave of the heart
tm¯   that
A@t¤:   desireless
pÜy¢t   realises
v£tSaEk:   free from grief
Dat¤p#sada t¯   through cleansing of mind
m¢hmanm¯   glory
AaÏmn:   of Atman

        Smaller   than   the   smallest,   greater   than   the   greatest   is   the   Atman
that   dwells   in   the cave of the  heart   of   beings.   He   who   is   desireless,   realises the   glory   of   Atman   through   cleansing   of   mind   and   senses,   and  transcends from   sorrow.  
Aas£naE    Ñ¥r|    v#j¢t    SyanaE    ya¢t    svIt: ,
kÞt|    mdamd|    dEv|    mdÓyaE    åOat¤mhI¢t                21
 
Aas£n:    sitting
Ñ¥r|   far
v#j¢t   travels
SyanaE   lying down
ya¢t   goes
svIt:   all over
k:   who
t||   him
mdamd|   joyful and joyless
dEv|   the effulgent one
mdÓy:       other than myself
åOat¤m¯   to know
AhI¢t   is qualified
 
  While   seated,   he   travels   far ;   lying   down   he   goes   all-over. Who   can   know   other than   me   that   Shining   One,   who   revels   and revels.
ASr£rgq|    Sr£rEÝvnvÞTEÝv¢ÞTtm¯   ,
mhaÓt|    ¢vB¤maÏman|    mÏva    D£raE    n    SaEc¢t     22
 
ASr£rgq|   sans body
Sr£rEx¤   in bodies
AnvÞTEx¤   impermanent
Av¢ÞTtm¯   existing
mhaÓt|   the supreme
¢vB¤m¯   all-pervading
AaÏman|   Atman
mÏva   knowing
D£r:   the wise one
n   SaEc¢t   does not grieve

        Having   realised   the   all-pervading   Supreme   Atman,   who   is   bodiless within   the   bodies,   stable   amidst   the   unstable,   the   wise one grieves no more.
 
naymaÏma    p#vcnEn    l×yaE    n    mEDya    n    bh^na   ½¤tEn     ,
ymEvWx v¦N¤tE tEn    l×yÞtÞyWx    AaÏma    ¢vv¦N¤tE    tn¥gq    Þvam¯     23
 
  not
Ay|                     this
AaÏma                   Atma
p#vcnEn   by study of scriptures and lecturing on them
l×y:   attainable
n   mEDya   nor by intellectual analysis
n   bh^na   nor by much
½¤tEn   listening or learning
ymEv   whom alone
ex   :   this (Atma)
v¦N¤tE   chooses
tEn   by him
l×y:   realisable
tÞy   his
ex:   this
AaÏma   Atman
¢vv¦N¤tE   reveals
tn¥gq   nature
Þvam¯   its own

 
By study of the scriptures, lecturing one's own intellectual enquiries or by wide
learning or listening, this Atman cannot be realised. Whomsoever, It chooses
alone, is attainable that realisation about It, as It reveals Its own nature to him. (23)
 
na¢vrtaE    ѤÜc¢rta°aSaÓtaE    nasma¢ht: ,
naSaÓtmansaE    va¢p    p#åOanEnWnmap"¤yat¯         24
 
na¢vrt:   not withdrawn
Ѥà¢rtat¯   from wickedness
naSaÓt:   nor the unrestrained
nasma¢ht:   nor the unmeditative
naSaÓtmans:   va   nor one with no quietitude of mind
A¢p   even
p#åOanEn   by knowledge
enm¯   this (Atman)
Aap"¤yat¯   can attain

          He   who   is   not   free   from   evil   conduct,   whose   senses   are
not controlled , whose   emotions   are   not   harmonised,   whose   mind   is
not at   peace,   cannot   attain   this   Atman   by   any means   of   knowledge.  
yÞy    b#'    c    XæO|    c    uBE    Bvt    AaEdn: ,
m¦Ïy¤yIÞyaEpsEcn|    k    iÏTa    vEd    yæO    s:                25
 
yÞy   whose
b#'   the Brahmana
c   and
XæO|   the Ksatriya
c   also
uBE   both
Bvt   become
AaEdn:   food
m¦Ïy¤ :   death
yÞy   whose
upsEcn|   pickle
k:   who
iÏTa   thus
vEd   knows
yæO   where
s:   He (is)

          He   for   whom   the   Brahmana   and   the   Kshatriya   are   food,
and Death   the   pickle,   who   can   know   where   He   is   ?
i¢t     ¢¹t£y:     v¢Úl      -    Thus ends the second chapter.
PROCEED TO CHAPTER 3
RETURN TO CHAPTER 1
RETURN TO THE INDEX OF THE UPANISHADS